Negotiation - Competency
Definition: Negotiation Skills are about understanding the positions of each side and using interpersonal skills to be resolute in positions and setting boundaries yet also be flexible and strategic in generating solutions and building consensus. These skills help articulate well prepared and data driven positions that are persuasive. Having self-control and being perceptive to the emotions and positions of others and remaining calm and composed are also very important to becoming a skilled and effective negotiator.
360-Feedback Assessments Measuring Negotiation Skills:
Survey 1 (4-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 2 (4-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 3 (5-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 4 (5-point scale; radio buttons)
Survey 5 (4-point scale; words)
Survey 6 (4-point scale; words)
Survey 7 (5-point scale; competency comments; N/A)
Survey 8 (3-point scale; Agree/Disagree words; N/A)
Survey 9 (3-point scale; Strength/Development; N/A)
Survey 10 (Comment boxes only)
Survey 11 (Single rating per competency)
Survey 12 (Slide-bar scale)
Survey 13 (4-point scale; numbers; floating anchors)
Survey 14 (4-point scale; N/A)
Self-Comments: Do you have to complete a self-assessment or performance appraisal? If so, the
self-comments here may help.
What is Negotiation?
Effective negotiation involves comprehending each party's stance and employing interpersonal skills to firmly uphold your positions while setting clear boundaries. At the same time, it's crucial to remain adaptable and strategic in crafting solutions and fostering agreement. These abilities enable you to present well-prepared, data-driven arguments persuasively. Maintaining self-control, being attuned to others' emotions and perspectives, and staying calm and composed are also essential traits for becoming a proficient and impactful negotiator Why are Negotiation Skills important?
Negotiation skills are crucial for businesses as they help in building strong relationships with stakeholders, ensuring mutually beneficial agreements. They also play a vital role in resolving conflicts and achieving business objectives efficiently. Additionally, effective negotiation can lead to cost savings and improved profitability by securing favorable terms with suppliers and clients. How can I improve Negotiation skills?
- Understanding Positions: Actively listen and ask open-ended questions to uncover underlying interests and priorities. Additionally, stay informed about the current business and market environment to better grasp the context and motivations of both parties.
- Interpersonal Skills: Focus on building rapport and trust by actively listening and showing genuine respect for others' views and opinions. Additionally, maintain open and consistent communication channels to foster collaboration and understanding throughout the negotiation process.
- Resolute: To become more resolute as a negotiator, strengthen your confidence in your position by thoroughly understanding and believing in the value of your proposals, and clearly define your priorities and non-negotiables. Additionally, always know your BATNA and be prepared to walk away if core interests are not met, ensuring you stay focused and avoid distractions.
- Strategic: To become more strategic as a negotiator, familiarize yourself with various negotiation styles and adapt your approach based on the specific context and needs of the moment. Additionally, reflect on past negotiations to identify successful strategies and leverage the motivations of each party to find mutually beneficial solutions.
- Generates Solutions: To enhance your creativity in negotiations, focus on collaborative problem-solving by openly sharing information and brainstorming new ideas with all parties involved. Additionally, aim to develop win-win solutions that align interests and add value for everyone, ensuring fair and mutually beneficial outcomes.
How is Negotiation important in business?
- Mutual Respect: Negotiation fosters an environment of mutual respect and understanding, which can lead to more sustainable and positive relationships.
- Win-Win Solutions: It aims for solutions that benefit all parties involved, rather than one side imposing its will on the other.
- Reduced Resistance: People are more likely to comply with and support agreements they have had a hand in shaping, reducing future conflicts.
- Preservation of Relationships: Negotiation helps maintain and even strengthen relationships, as it avoids the resentment and hostility that coercion can create.
- Creative Problem-Solving: It encourages creative thinking and problem-solving, as both parties work together to find mutually acceptable solutions.
- Long-Term Benefits: Agreements reached through negotiation are often more durable and effective in the long term because they are based on consensus and cooperation.
What questions could be included on a 360-degree survey that measure negotiation skills?
The questionnaire items below will measure negotiation skills. These questions are grouped into different facets of negotiation. When creating a 360-degree or other performance assessment, try to select one or two items from each group. 360-Feedback questions that measure Negotiation
Understands the PositionsUnderstands the Positions focuses on having a comprehensive grasp of the needs, priorities, and interests of both parties involved in the negotiation. This dimension highlights the ability to assess key issues, anticipate challenges, and remain informed about the current market environment. It ensures that negotiators can approach discussions with a well-rounded understanding of the factors influencing decision-making.
- Knows the current business/market environment.
- Ensures a thorough understanding of key issues and priorities.
- Fully grasps both party's interests and options.
- Clearly understands the interests and choices of both parties.
- Understands the motivations of the other party.
- Keeps a firm grasp on the issues and priorities.
- Understands the current situation of both parties.
- Is aware of the needs of the other party.
- Thoroughly understands the interests and possibilities of both sides.
- Stays well-informed about the issues and priorities.
- Is aware of what problems need to be solved.
Interpersonal SkillsInterpersonal Skills emphasizes building relationships and fostering constructive dialogue during negotiations. This dimension centers on maintaining open communication channels, collaborating to solve problems, and ensuring discussions remain positive and productive. It prioritizes emotional intelligence, active listening, and the ability to create an atmosphere of trust that makes agreement easier to reach.
- Establishes good working relationships with others.
- Able to collaborate with others in solving problems to create solutions that satisfy both parties' interests.
- Creates an atmosphere of mutual respect by acknowledging the other party's contributions, concerns, and expertise.
- Maintains good interpersonal relationships with representatives from the other party.
- Maintains communication channels between parties in the negotiation.
- Leverages relationships with others to achieve goals.
- Understands the other person's needs, concerns, and motivations.
- Establishes a positive connection with the other party to create a more collaborative atmosphere, making it easier to reach mutually beneficial agreements.
- Builds trust by being transparent about intentions and constraints.
- Uses rapport-building behaviors (such as active appreciation, shared language, and collaborative tone) to reduce tension and strengthen cooperative problem-solving.
- Is an effective negotiator, fostering positive relationships and achieving good outcomes.
- Is respectful of others' views and opinions.
ResoluteResolute focuses on confidence in one's position and the ability to remain firm under pressure. This dimension highlights trust in the offer being made, consistency in negotiation strategy, and resisting hasty concessions. It ensures that negotiators maintain predictability and stability in their stance while effectively influencing the other party's perception of the deal.
- Is resolute in positions to better withstand pressure and resist making hasty concessions.
- Is resolute in positions to build trust and predictability.
- Maintains a consistent rationale for positions across all stages of the negotiation.
- Demonstrates confidence in own position and can influence the other party's perception of proposals being offered.
- Is resolute when stating priorities and non-negotiables.
- Holds steady when the other party attempts to create urgency or artificial pressure.
- Is resolute on positions to provide consistency in the negotiation strategy.
- Communicates limits with clarity and confidence to maintain strategic focus.
- Knows the BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) and is prepared to walk away if core interests are not met.
- Stays focused and avoids getting sidetracked by less important issues.
- Firmly believes the company is making the best offer.
- Reaffirms core priorities when challenged, ensuring the negotiation stays anchored to essential objectives rather than drifting toward less meaningful concessions.
Sets BoundariesSets Boundaries emphasizes defining and maintaining firm limits to protect strategic objectives and decision quality. This dimension ensures negotiators can say "no" when necessary, clearly communicate non-negotiables, and safeguard key interests. It prioritizes structure, ensuring negotiations remain within predefined limits rather than becoming reactive or overly flexible.
- Sets and maintains firm negotiating limits and boundaries.
- Clarifies non-negotiable requirements early in the process so expectations are aligned before substantive bargaining begins.
- Uses objective criteria (such as standards, policies, or data) to justify limits and prevent boundary-setting from appearing arbitrary or personal.
- Maintains consistency in applying boundaries even when under pressure, ensuring fairness and predictability in the negotiation process.
- Stops conversations that drift into inappropriate, irrelevant, or manipulative territory, redirecting the negotiation back to acceptable parameters.
- Communicates the consequences of crossing established limits in a calm, professional manner to reinforce accountability and protect core interests.
- Is prepared to walk away if core interests are not met.
- Reasserts boundaries when the other party attempts to push past agreed-upon limits or introduce unreasonable demands.
- Clearly communicates boundaries and the reasons behind them.
- Is able to decline bad ideas to avoid making poor decisions.
- Able to say "no" when necessary to effectively execute business strategy and meet long-term objectives.
- Able to say "no" when it is essential to maintaining quality and high standards.
FlexibilityFlexibility focuses on the ability to adjust strategies and responses based on changing circumstances or new information. This dimension highlights adaptability, knowing when to compromise, tailoring approaches to fit dynamic situations, and remaining open to adjusting plans. It ensures negotiators can pivot effectively without being rigid, allowing for more fluid discussions.
- Tailors approaches to more effectively address current demands.
- Able to adapt to changing situations.
- Able to adapt to dynamic situations created by new information or unexpected challenges.
- Recognizes when a negotiation path is no longer productive and pivots to alternative frameworks.
- Adjusts methods to suit the current situation.
- Is flexible in responses.
- Adapts communication style (direct, exploratory, data-driven, or relational) based on what best supports constructive engagement with the other party.
- Alters plans to respond to immediate challenges.
- Shifts negotiation tactics when other priorities or constraints become clearer, adjusting the approach to maintain progress.
- Knows where to stand firm and where to compromise.
- Revises proposals in real time to incorporate new information, emerging interests, or unexpected obstacles without losing sight of core objectives.
- Balances firmness and adaptability by reassessing which issues require principled consistency and which allow room for creative compromise.
StrategicStrategic emphasizes the ability to navigate negotiation strategies and adapt approaches based on context, past experiences, and situational needs. This dimension highlights expertise in various tactics, leveraging motivations to create advantageous solutions, and ensuring flexibility while maintaining consistency. It prioritizes an intelligent, calculated approach that takes into account historical successes and future implications.
- Skilled in tactics and strategies relevant for achieving successful negotiation outcomes.
- Uses the motivations of each party to identify mutually advantageous solutions.
- Is aware of what strategies have been successful in the past.
- Adapts strategies to allow for flexibility in negotiations.
- Is aware of how past interactions may affect current or future negotiations.
- Is aware of what strategies will be useful for the current negotiations.
- Able to distinguish and navigate between different negotiation strategies and styles.
- Adapts strategies to better meet the needs of the moment.
- Knowledgeable of which negotiation approaches were successful in the past.
Generates SolutionsGenerates Solutions emphasizes actively working toward mutually beneficial outcomes through collaboration and problem-solving. This dimension is about brainstorming new ideas, creating win-win scenarios, and fostering honest communication to ensure agreements serve all parties. It prioritizes structured thinking, creativity, and alignment of interests rather than simply adjusting to circumstances.
- Develops win-win solutions that benefit everyone involved.
- Produces solutions that add value and satisfy all parties.
- Is able to align interests in the pursuit of mutual gains.
- Formulates value-driven solutions that are fair to all sides.
- Willing to brainstorm for new ideas or solutions.
- Committed to working with both sides and openly sharing information.
- Creates mutually advantageous outcomes for all stakeholders.
- Aims for solutions that benefit both parties.
- Dedicated to collaborative problem-solving and transparent information sharing.
- Focused on joint problem-solving and honest communication.
Data DrivenData Driven focuses on basing negotiation positions and arguments on objective, evidence-based insights. It involves assessing the validity of information, collecting and integrating diverse viewpoints, and using reliable data--such as market value, legal standards, or expert opinions--to justify positions. This dimension ensures decisions are grounded in quantitative and qualitative evidence, rather than intuition or interpersonal dynamics.
- Bases arguments on objective standards or criteria, such as market value, legal standards, or expert opinions.
- Supports positions with compelling evidence and data.
- Collects information from various stakeholders, each with their own viewpoints, data, and interests.
- Validates claims with robust and convincing data.
- Justifies viewpoints using strong and credible data.
- Uses solid data to substantiate positions effectively.
- Assesses the validity and relevance of each piece of information, considering the context and source.
- Combines the valid points from each source to form a comprehensive and balanced perspective.
- Leverages information strategically to maximize its value.
- Maximizes the exchange of information concerning interests and positions.
- Develops a unified understanding or strategy that acknowledges and addresses the different viewpoints and resolves conflicts.
- Uses focus groups to help determine how individuals will react with various negotiation scenarios.
Well PreparedWell Prepared focuses on thorough preparation and research before engaging in negotiations. This dimension highlights the importance of understanding the interests, priorities, and strengths of all parties involved, developing a structured plan, gathering relevant information, and ensuring a strategic approach before negotiations begin. It prioritizes readiness and knowledge to maximize confidence and effectiveness during discussions.
- Prepares thoroughly by analyzing and understanding each party's interests, alternatives, and options.
- Thoroughly investigates the relevant issues prior to negotiation.
- Researches the needs of the other party to identify strengths and weaknesses of positions.
- Conducts necessary preparations before engaging in negotiations.
- Prepares a plan for steps needed to be taken before negotiations as well as the steps to be taken during negotiations.
- Always has a "game plan" prior to entering into negotiations.
- Maximizes information gathering efforts prior to negotiations.
- Prepares a timeline for any pre-negotiation activities/preparations.
- Spends more time preparing for negotiations than the amount of time in the negotiations.
- Identifies goals and objectives desired as well as the strengths and weaknesses currently possessed.
Initial MomentsInitial Moments focuses on how the negotiator sets the stage before substantive bargaining begins. This competency is about shaping the opening environment--establishing rapport, defining expectations, presenting a structured agenda, and creating a cooperative tone that influences everything that follows. A manager strong in Initial Moments uses the beginning of the negotiation to build momentum, clarify goals, and signal confidence through well-designed opening offers and a clear articulation of their BATNA. The emphasis is on framing the negotiation context: creating the atmosphere, structure, and psychological conditions that position both sides for productive engagement.
- Effectively sets the tone and agenda, creates rapport, and builds momentum at the start of negotiations.
- Creates a constructive atmosphere, building a positive relationship for cooperative negotiations.
- Uses the opening minutes to demonstrate credibility and preparedness, reinforcing confidence in the process.
- Frames the negotiation's purpose and scope in a way that aligns expectations and prevents misunderstandings.
- Establishes a strong, cooperative atmosphere; defines expectations; and presents a well-structured agenda aligned with key priorities.
- Establishes a protocol/structure at the beginning of the negotiations for the development of issues.
- Introduces a clear roadmap for how decisions will be made.
- Fosters a robust, collaborative setting; sets clear expectations; and introduces an agenda that matches priorities.
- Makes initial offers based on high aspirations conveying a robust BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Settlement).
- Invites open dialogue, clarifying norms for respectful interaction, and reducing early defensiveness.
- Creates a decisive, team-oriented environment; clarifies goals; and outlines a strategic agenda.
- Signals collaborative intent early by acknowledging shared goals or mutual benefits creating a constructive mindset.
Skilled and EffectiveSkilled and Effective emphasizes the ability to navigate negotiations smoothly and resolve conflicts with diplomacy and problem-solving skills. This dimension centers on active listening, managing disputes constructively, fostering positive solutions, and ensuring outcomes align with core interests. It highlights adaptability, interpersonal finesse, and maintaining professionalism throughout the negotiation process.
- Able to manage and resolve conflicts constructively.
- Able to effectively manage conflicts.
- Handles disputes with tact and diplomacy, ensuring that personal opinions do not interfere with professional responsibilities.
- Handles tough issues skillfully to foster positive solutions.
- Resolves difficult negotiations whether it is a contract, sub contract, legal or any other difficult negotiation fairly and reasonably.
- A proficient conflict resolver who effectively navigates workplace disputes to maintain a harmonious and productive environment.
- Does what it takes to ensure that the final agreement aligns with core interests.
- Keeps the negotiations constructive and focused on problem-solving rather than conflict.
- Actively listens to conversations to be able to recall important details later.
ArticulateArticulate focuses on how clearly, logically, and persuasively the negotiator communicates throughout the negotiation. This competency is about expressing ideas in a coherent, compelling way, adapting communication style to the listener, and maintaining clarity even under pressure. A manager strong in Articulate can explain their position convincingly, avoid misunderstandings, and communicate with calm precision during tense moments. The emphasis is on communication skill and clarity of expression: ensuring that thoughts, concerns, and arguments are conveyed in a way that others can understand, respond to, and respect.
- Is an articulate and persuasive communicator.
- Clearly articulates points and actively listens to the others to ensure that both sides understand each other's needs and concerns.
- Able to clearly express thoughts and concerns.
- Changes communication styles to meet the listener's needs.
- Establishes clear communications to avoid misunderstandings.
- Maintains positive and rational communication even under pressure.
- Able to express themselves in a clear, convincing, and logical manner.
- Speaks eloquently and coherently about a wide range of subjects.
- Skilled in making clear and compelling arguments for their position.
- Communicates calmly and reasonably, even in high-stress situations.
PersuasivePersuasive focuses on shaping the other party's thinking--influencing how they interpret proposals, view trade-offs, and ultimately accept your position. A negotiator demonstrating this competency presents clear, compelling arguments, confidently delivers ambitious but well-justified first offers, and explains issues in a way that highlights the benefits of their proposals. They use logic, clarity, and strategic framing to move the other party toward agreement. The emphasis is on impacting the other side's perspective: convincing, influencing, and guiding them toward a favorable outcome.
- Persuades the other party of the benefits of our proposals.
- Makes a persuasive and well-founded first offer.
- Confidently delivers a strong and ambitious first proposal, backed by solid justification.
- Able to influence others to accept certain positions.
- Influences others through rational argument and persuasion.
- Is successful in making a compelling and influential first offer.
- Clearly explains the issues and interests at the start of negotiations.
- Confidently puts forward an ambitious and well-justified initial proposal.
- Presents a bold and well-supported initial offer with confidence.
- Clearly states positions during negotiations.
PerceptivePerceptive focuses on accurately reading the other party--their interests, expectations, emotions, and signals--so the negotiator can respond intelligently and avoid missteps. A negotiator strong in this area listens intently, asks probing questions, interprets verbal and nonverbal cues, and seeks information to clarify assumptions and explore alternatives. They understand emotional dynamics, anticipate reactions, and gather insights that shape smarter negotiation choices. The emphasis is on situational awareness and insight: understanding what the other side truly needs, feels, and intends so the negotiation can proceed effectively.
- Identifies verbal and nonverbal cues to help interpret actions and messages.
- Understands the expectations of other parties in the negotiation.
- Identifies patterns across multiple statements or interactions that reveal deeper priorities, fears, or motivations influencing the negotiation.
- Notices subtle shifts in tone, pacing, or word choice and uses these cues to anticipate emerging concerns before they are explicitly stated.
- Recognizes when the other party is signaling openness, hesitation, or resistance, and adjusts the conversation to explore those signals constructively.
- Listens intently when the other party is presenting information, interests, positions, offers or counteroffers.
- Proactively seeks information through questions to clarify and explore options.
- Is aware of and manages own emotions and understands the emotions of others which helps in navigating tense situations and in finding common ground.
- Detects inconsistencies between what is said and how it is said, prompting gentle inquiry to uncover hidden constraints or unspoken interests.
- Uses questions to gather details and consider different possibilities, preventing misunderstandings.
- Poses questions to gain insights and avoid confusion while exploring different solutions.
- Engages in questioning to obtain necessary information and examine various alternatives.
Builds ConsensusBuilds Consensus focuses on moving parties toward shared agreement by identifying common interests, aligning priorities, and managing concessions strategically. A negotiator demonstrating this competency listens to all sides without bias, identifies tradeable interests, and finds solutions that benefit everyone involved. They foster a cooperative atmosphere, help parties see where their interests overlap, and guide the group toward mutually acceptable outcomes. The emphasis is on collective alignment and agreement-building: creating the conditions where all parties can say "yes" because the solution feels fair, balanced, and jointly owned.
- Finds shared interests and solutions that benefit all parties involved.
- Identifies tradeable interests that could facilitate reaching a consensus.
- Surfaces areas of partial agreement early and uses them as anchors to build momentum toward broader consensus.
- Reframes competitive or positional statements into shared problems that both sides can solve together.
- Fosters a cooperative atmosphere where each side works together to resolve conflicts.
- Manages the timing and degree of concessions.
- Encourages parties to articulate the reasoning behind their positions so others can understand and align around underlying interests.
- Helps parties translate individual preferences into shared criteria for evaluating solution options.
- Checks for alignment at key moments to ensure all parties feel heard, included, and committed to the emerging agreement.
- Facilitates joint evaluation of options, guiding parties to compare alternatives based on fairness, feasibility, and mutual benefit.
- Proficient at reaching consensus in negotiations.
- Listens to all sides without bias and makes fair decisions.
Calm and ComposedCalm and Composed focuses on maintaining emotional steadiness and constructive communication during the negotiation process. A negotiator strong in this area stays calm under pressure, reframes aggressive tactics, and keeps discussions focused on core issues even when tensions rise. They maintain a positive, steady tone that supports problem-solving and relationship building, modeling the emotional regulation needed for productive dialogue. The emphasis is on emotional stability and de-escalation: ensuring that the negotiation remains respectful, rational, and solution-oriented even in challenging moments.
- Stays calm and focuses on the core issues to be discussed.
- Maintains a calm demeanor, even when discussions get heated.
- Keeps a composed and fair tone, even during challenging discussions.
- Exhibits a composed and constructive attitude, even in challenging situations.
- Stays positive and composed, promoting effective problem-solving and strong relationships.
- Uses deliberate pauses to de-escalate tension and give participants space to regain composure before continuing.
- Maintains steady, measured pacing in conversation, preventing the negotiation from accelerating into reactive or emotionally driven exchanges.
- Stays composed and counters aggressive negotiation tactics by reframing unreasonable proposals or actions.
- Keeps voice tone, body language, and facial expressions neutral and consistent.
- Maintains a calm and positive demeanor to enhance problem-solving and relationship building.
- Reorients the discussion back to shared goals when emotions rise.
- Responds to provocative comments with curiosity rather than defensiveness.
Self-ControlSelf-Control focuses on managing one's own emotional reactions so the negotiation remains productive, rational, and steady. A negotiator demonstrating this competency keeps their emotions in check, avoids impulsive or defensive responses, and recognizes personal triggers that could derail the conversation. They maintain emotional stability under pressure, regulate negativity, and ensure their own reactions do not escalate tension or distort decision-making. The emphasis is on internal regulation: staying composed, thoughtful, and deliberate so the negotiation environment remains constructive.
- Able to control their emotional responses and correctly gauge the emotions of others.
- Demonstrates emotional stability to facilitate productive problem-solving and relationship building.
- Keeps emotions in check to avoid negative outbursts.
- Controls emotional responses to maintain a productive atmosphere.
- Takes steps to control emotional responses to avoid making rash decisions.
- Maintains control over emotions to ensure a constructive environment.
- Manages emotions to reduce the impact of negativity.
- Is aware of potential emotional triggers that could negatively impact the negotiations.